The present study explores the traditional knowledge and utilization patterns of indigenous medicinal plants among the tribal communities of the Kalvarayan Hills in Tamil Nadu. A total of 120 respondents were selected through proportionate random sampling from seven villages, and data were collected using structured interviews, household surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Plant specimens were identified using standard floras and expert validation. Analysis using percentage analysis and arithmetic mean showed that 58.33% of respondents had a moderate level of medicinal plant utilization, while 20.83% each reported low and high levels. The most frequently used species were Phyllanthus niruri (93.33%), Abutilon indicum (91.67%) and Terminalia chebula (91.67%) all commonly used for liver disorders, digestive issues, respiratory problems and skin diseases. Preparation methods involved decoctions, pastes, juices and powders, with leaves being the most commonly used plant part. Despite continued relevance, intergenerational knowledge transfer is declining due to modernization, reduced forest access and limited documentation. This trend poses risks to cultural heritage and community health security. The study emphasizes the need for systematic documentation, community herbal gardens, sustainable harvesting and scientific validation to strengthen conservation and support equitable benefit-sharing.
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