Peculiarities of Brucellosis Spread in Urban and Rural Areas of Jalal-Abad Region, Kyrgyz Republic

Brucellosis remains a significant public health concern in regions with developed livestock farming, requiring continuous epidemiological monitoring and targeted prevention strategies. This study presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in the Jalal-Abad region over the period 2014–2024. The findings demonstrate a steady decline in overall incidence, from 36.9 to 23.8 cases per 100,000 population. However, marked disparities persist between urban and rural populations, as well as between genders. The majority of cases occurred among males (63.1%), and incidence rates were considerably higher in rural areas (26.4 per 100,000) compared to urban areas (15.6 per 100,000). The situation is particularly concerning among children. In rural areas, the incidence rate among the child population reached 16.1 cases per 100,000, which is 3.8 times higher than in urban areas (4.2 per 100,000). Analysis of occupational and social groups identified the main risk categories as the non-working population (44.1%), schoolchildren (19.3%), and employed individuals (14%). Small ruminants were identified as the primary source of infection (48.9% of cases). Microbiological analysis revealed that Brucella melitensis biotype III accounted for 95% of all isolated cultures. The practical significance of the study lies in identifying key risk factors and epidemiological patterns, which provide a foundation for developing targeted preventive and control measures in the region.