Characterization of Mirabilis Jalapa Seed Extract and Its Effect on Human Erythrocytes in Vitro

Mirabilis Jalapa seed extract (MJSE) has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties. The aim is to establish the biochemical composition and therapeutic potential of MJSE, including estimation of the extraction yield, analyzing protein, phenolic, and carotenoid contents, in addition to assessing the phenolic and lipid profiles, and evaluating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, as well as osmatic fragility and lipid peroxidation.  The phenolic profile was identified using LC-MS/MS, and the lipid profile was analyzed using GC-FID.  The ELISA technique was used to conduct the malondialdehyde assay. The other experiments were performed by spectrophotometric methods. The extraction yield of. Mirabilis Jalapa seed extract (MJSE) was .30.2%. The protein content was 0.85 ± 0.009 mg/mL, and the total phenolic content (TPC) of MJSE was 16.2 ± 0.011 mg GAE/g of dry extract. Carotenoid analysis revealed β-carotene and lycopene contents of 0.079 mg/kg and 0.225 mg/kg, respectively. LC-MS/MS analysis identified high levels of ascorbic acid (7.72 µg/mg) and catechin (22.8 µg/mg). The GC-FID analysis detected 17 fatty acid methyl esters with a total concentration of 4,032,367 ppm. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity were 94.9± 1.52% and 31.01± 0.74 %, respectively. The lipid peroxidation in normal RBCs with MJSE was achieved at 0.13 ± 0.005 pg/mL; the osmatic fragility showed a potential anti-hemolytic effect of RBCs with the extract. In conclusion, MJSE gives high yields for extraction and includes abundant proteins, phenol, carotene, and other essential lipids. Combining the fact that MJSE exhibits significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and also protects red blood cells from lipid peroxidation.