A Review of the Reasons for Increasing the Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Presence in Drinking Water

Water purification included the elimination of pathogenic organisms and the reduction of suspended substances in water, which was obtained by conventional methods of disinfection and filtration. But today, due to the increase in all kinds of pollution to water sources, the common methods are not fully able to properly purify water. Based on the results obtained from various studies, drinking water disinfection can increase antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water environments. Water treatment may extend antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and systems of water distribution may serve as a vital reservoir for antibiotic resistance spread to opportunistic pathogens. Treatment processes of drinking water cannot remove all ARGs from sources of drinking water, thus, supply systems of drinking water may be a primary release of ARGs route from the environment to the host, which poses potential hazards to human health. It is also known that some bacteria number increases with the chlorine increase in drinking water and the water purification process can not eliminate all antibiotics from drinking water. Therefore, it is essential to obtain more information about the frequency and amount of bacteria with antibiotic-resistant mutations. In this review article, the studies done on drinking water treatment, as well as the introduction of antibiotics used in everyday life through sewage and production effluents and their impact on the health of human society.