The aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of Rosmarinus officinalis from three different geographic locations (humid, semiarid, and arid) were subjected to phenolic assessment and antiproliferative activity using appropriate assays, mainly ELISA and xCELLigence. The results of total phenolics and flavonoids revealed yields ranging from 58.26 to 114.10 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent) /g and from 14.63 to 28.86 mg QE (quercetin equivalent)/g, respectively. Moreover, the extracts were tested against two cancer cell lines namely C6 (rat brain tumor) and Hela (adenocarcinoma of the cervix) to show an up-and-down efficiency ranging from good at 250 µg/mL for sample 3 to very weak mainly at 50 µg/mL. These disparities highlighted the effect of climatic factors as quality determinants of secondary metabolites, and hence as a key influence of the biological activity.
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