An Overview on Cystitis Diagnosis and Management Approach in PHC

Background: Cystitis is a type of lower urinary tract infection (UTI). The most common cause is bacterial infection while the most common affected people are females. Cystitis presents with a painful micturition, urgency, and frequency. Urinary tract infections can be classified according to their complexity. As a general practitioner the differentiation between the complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infection and to decide whether to treat or refer, is crucial. Objectives: We aimed to review the literature reviewing etiology of cystitis and lower urinary tract infection, its risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of this disease. Methodology: PubMed database was used for articles selection, and gathered papers underwent a thorough review. Conclusion: Urinary tract infections should be at the top of the differential diagnoses when assessing a patient with bothersome urinary symptoms. Moreover, ruling out other possible serious diagnosis according to patient age group is equally important. Empiric treatment with broad spectrum antibiotic is evident and effective, however, certain cause warrant further investigation and culturing to select the proper treatment.